ISBS Online Lectures Series
The Sports Biomechanics Lecture Series was organised by Dr Stuart McErlain-Naylor on behalf of the International Society of Biomechanics in Sports. The series, sponsored by Vicon, includes 28 lectures on the biomechanics of specific sports as well as biomechanical data collection and analysis techniques. The original goal for the project was to provide resources to facilitate online teaching and further exploration of biomechanics topics for undergraduate and postgraduate students.
Alasdair Dempsey covers the biomechanics behind anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury mechanisms, with reference to underlying mechanical principles such as moments and moment arms. He also discusses the evidence behind potential intervention strategies.
Dempsey et al., 2007 - https://www.researchgate.net/publicat...
Dempsey et al., 2009 - https://www.researchgate.net/publicat...
Finch, 2006 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2006....
Paul Felton discusses the scientific literature on the topic of cricket bowling biomechanics. He covers both fast bowling and spin bowling, with reference to the underlying mechanical principles of linear and angular momentum, and conservation of momentum. Paul also presents a kinematic comparison of male and female bowlers.
Worthington paper: https://repository.lboro.ac.uk/articl...
Elbow hyperextension paper: https://repository.lboro.ac.uk/articl...
Male vs female paper: https://repository.lboro.ac.uk/articl...
Spin bowling paper: https://repository.lboro.ac.uk/articl...
Spin range of motion paper: https://repository.lboro.ac.uk/articl...
Felton PhD thesis: https://repository.lboro.ac.uk/articl...
Sanders PhD thesis: https://repository.lboro.ac.uk/articl...
Stuart McErlain-Naylor discusses the scientific literature on the topic of cricket power hitting biomechanics. Topics include: a) the effect of impact location (e.g. sweetspot) on shot outcome (e.g. carry distance, ball launch angle, ball launch speed); b) the kinematic technique parameters most associated with variation in power hitting performance; c) a kinematic comparison of male and female international batters; and d) a comparison of batting kinematics against different delivery methods (bowler / bowling machine / SidearmTM) with reference to representative training design.
Impact location - https://www.researchgate.net/publicat...
Power hitting technique - https://www.researchgate.net/publicat...
Male / female comparison - https://www.researchgate.net/publicat...
Occluded vision - https://www.researchgate.net/publicat...
Johannes Funken presents a comparison of elite long jump biomechanics between athletes with and without a below the knee prosthesis. This comparison includes both kinetic and kinematic parameters. Discussions include whether athletes with a below the knee prosthesis are at an advantage or a disadvantage.
Willwacher et al., 2017 - https://www.nature.com/articles/s4159...
Funken et al., 2019, MSSE - https://journals.lww.com/acsm-msse/Fu...
Funken et al., 2019, RSOS - https://royalsocietypublishing.org/do...
Funken, 2019, PhD Thesis - https://fis.dshs-koeln.de/portal/en/p...
Funken, 2019, JJBSE - https://www.researchgate.net/publicat...
Wouter Hoogkamer presents a discussion of the scientific literature on the topic of running footwear and running economy. The talk includes specific reference to the sub 2 hour marathon attempts, even including alternative factors such as course design and drafting. The Nike Nike Vaporfly 4% is explained and assessed in detail.
Shoes - Hoogkamer et al., 2018 - http://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-017-0811-2
Shoes - Hoogkamer et al., 2019 - https://rdcu.be/bbOsv
2 hr marathon - Hoogkamer et al., 2017 - http://rdcu.be/pKG5
Running economy vs time savings - Hoogkamer et al., 2016 - http://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0000000000...
Running economy vs time savings - Kipp et al., 2019 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2019.00079
Drafting - Hoogkamer et al., 2018 - https://rdcu.be/8Pim
Drafting - Hoogkamer et al., 2019 - https://rdcu.be/bh0l2
Course design - Triska et al., 2019 - https://doi.org/10.31236/osf.io/xrjvb
Pedro Morouço discusses the scientific literature on the topic of swimming biomechanics. The talk focuses on methods and techniques used to assess swimmers in the water and includes some interesting comparisons of upper and lower limb contributions, among other factors.
Barlett et al., 2007 - https://www.researchgate.net/publicat...
Sanders, 2013 - https://www.researchgate.net/profile/...
Sanders et al., 2012 - https://www.swimmingcoach.org/journal...
Sanders et al., 2011 - https://swimmingcoach.org/journal/man...
Morouco et al., 2017 - https://www.researchgate.net/publicat...
Morouco et al., 2015 HMS - https://www.researchgate.net/publicat...
Morouco et al., 2015 JoBB - https://www.researchgate.net/publicat...
Morouco et al., 2014 - https://www.researchgate.net/publicat...
Archit Navandar discusses the scientific literature relating to the topic of hamstring injuries in football / soccer. This talk has implications for other team sports or for running / sprinting. Archit talks through both internal and external risk factors for injury, injury mechanisms, and both prehabilitation (prehab) and rehabilitation (rehab) methods, all with reference to elite sporting populations.
Bahr & Krosshaug, 2005 https://bjsm.bmj.com/content/39/6/324...
Beltran et al., 2012 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2...
Navarro et al., 2015 http://eurjhm.com/index.php/eurjhm/ar...
Chumanov et al., 2011 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/arti...
Schache et al., 2014 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2...
Higashihara et al., 2010 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2...
Higashihara et al., 2019 https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/1...
Crow et al., 2020 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science...
Torres et al., 2020 https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/10/5/1615
Navandar et al., 2018 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2...
Jimenez-Rubio et al., 2019 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3...
Jiménez-Rubio et al., 2020 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3...
Neal Smith discusses the scientific literature on the topic of football / soccer kicking biomechanics. This includes an in-depth breakdown of the kinematics of the power kicking technique into separate phases, and specific reference to data from elite athletes including Cristiano Ronaldo and his Knuckleball free kicks.
Dempsey et al., 2007 - https://www.researchgate.net/publicat...
Dempsey et al., 2009 - https://www.researchgate.net/publicat...
Finch, 2006 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2006....
Céleste Wilkins presents an overview of scientific research on the topic of equestrian biomechanics - specifically focusing on the rider and the interactions between the horse and rider. This includes a comparison of elite and sub-elite riders, a discussion of pelvic tilt, and horse-rider coordination.
Clayton et al., 2017: https://www.researchgate.net/publicat...
Lagarde et al., 2005: https://www.researchgate.net/publicat...
Munz et al., 2013: https://www.researchgate.net/publicat...
Olivier et al., 2017: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/arti...
Peham et al., 2001: https://www.researchgate.net/publicat...
Serra Bragança et al., 2018: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science...
van Weeren et al., 2017: https://beva.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/...
Alexandra Atack discusses the scientific literature on the topic of rugby place kicking biomechanics, with implications for similar kicking sports such as football / soccer, American football, and Australian rules football. As well as a detailed breakdown of the rugby place kicking technique, this talk includes a kinetic and kinematic comparison of players / shots that were successful, short, or inaccurate (wide).
Main papers discussed
Atack et al., 2019: https://www.researchgate.net/publicat...
Atack et al., 2019a: https://www.researchgate.net/publicat...
Bezodis et al., 2019: https://www.researchgate.net/publicat...
Papers referenced
Linthorne & Stokes, 2014: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/arti...
Sinclair et al., 2014: https://www.researchgate.net/publicat...
Zhang et al., 2012: https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/5d78...
Sinclair et al., 2017: https://www.researchgate.net/publicat...
Bezodis et al., 2007: https://www.researchgate.net/publicat...
Green et al., 2016: https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/990f...
Bill Baltzopoulos provides a discussion of the inverse dynamics approach used in biomechanics. This includes methods for the assessment of loading in the musculoskeletal system, an overview of modeling approaches, how to approach inverse dynamics, and a discussion of mechanical misconceptions / terminology. The talk includes a series of recommendations for anybody using or reporting an inverse dynamics approach.
Derrick et al., 2019: ,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.20...
Nigg, B. M. (2007). Force System Analysis. In B. M. Nigg & W. Herzog (Eds.), Biomechanics of the Musculo-skeletal System. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons.
Vigotsky et al., 2019: https://www.scopus.com/inward/record....
Zajac et al., 2002: https://www.scopus.com/inward/record....
Andrews, J. G. (1974). Biomechanical analysis of human motion. In J. G. Hay (Ed.), Kinesiology IV (pp. 32-42). Washington, D.C.: American Association for Health, Physical Education,and Recreation (AAHPER).
Paul, 1966: https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/...
Bruce Elliott discusses the scientific research literature on the topic of tennis biomechanics. This includes an in-depth analysis of equipment (racket and ball) for different stages of development, the serve and forehand, among other topics. Bruce also discusses the role of variability in human movement and in representative training design.
Bahamonde, 1997: https://www.researchgate.net/publicat...
Bahamonde & Knudson, 1999: https://www.researchgate.net/publicat...
Davids, K., Bennett, S. & Newell, K. (2006). Variability in the Movement System: A Multi-disciplinary Perspective. Champaign, Ill, Human Kinetics.
Elliott, B. (1981). Tennis racquet selection: A factor in early skill development. The Australian J. of Sport Sciences, September.
Elliott et al., 1995: https://www.researchgate.net/publicat...
Farrow & Reid, 2010: https://www.researchgate.net/publicat...
Fernandez-Fernandez et al., 2019: https://www.researchgate.net/publicat...
Knudson, 1990: https://www.researchgate.net/publicat...
Landlinger et al., 2010: https://www.researchgate.net/publicat...
Seeley et al., 2011: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/...
Jacques Gay from Vicon presents an introduction to motion capture (mocap), a comparison of motion capture hardware and software alternatives, and a discussion of modeling techniques within motion capture. This talk is aimed at anybody interested in motion capture, from students to experienced researchers, and will hopefully provide something of benefit for all biomechanists.
Research Papers:
Conventional Gait Model Davis et al., 1991: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science...
Kadaba et al., 1990: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/a...
pyCGM2
Leboeuf et al., 2019: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science...
Oxford Foot Model Carson et al., 2001: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science...
Theologis et al., 2003: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1...
Stebbins et al., 2006: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science...
McCahill et al., 2008: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/arti...
SCoRE and SARA (including OCST*)
Ehrig et al., 2007: http://www.jbiomech.com/article/S0021...
Ehrig et al., 2006: http://www.jbiomech.com/article/S0021...
Ehrig & Heller, 2019: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science...
*Taylor et al., 2010: http://www.gaitposture.com/article/S0...
IOR
Leardini et al., 2007: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1...
Bell Bell et al., 1989: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science...
Hara Hara et al., 2016: https://www.nature.com/articles/srep3...
Harrington Harrington et al., 2007: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science...
CAST
Cappozzo et al., 1995: https://www.clinbiomech.com/article/0...
Vicon Info:
Main Website: www.vicon.com
Life Science Applications: https://www.vicon.com/applications/li...
Nexus Software: https://www.vicon.com/software/nexus/
Case Studies: https://www.vicon.com/resources/case-...
Models and Scripts: https://www.vicon.com/software/models...
Support contact: support@vicon.com
Vicon Documentation: docs.vicon.com
Vicon Youtube: https://www.youtube.com/user/Vicon100...
Kristof Kipp discusses research on weightlifting biomechanics, including a comprehensive analysis of the kinetics and kinematics at the ankle, knee, and hip joints as well as the bar trajectory. He shares his ideas around measuring efficiency and future directions for weightlifting research.
Many of Kristof's research articles can be accessed on ResearchGate here: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/...
Ina Janssen discusses her experiences of sports biomechanics within the Netherlands Olympic Team. This includes case studies from the BMX start, para cycling bike fitting, long jump takeoff, handball (ACL), and volleyball (jumper’s knee).
Myer et al., 2010: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science...
Janssen et al., 2013: https://journals.lww.com/acsm-msse/Fu...
Benjaminse et al., 2017: https://meridian.allenpress.com/jat/a...
Janssen et al., 2016: https://ojs.ub.uni-konstanz.de/cpa/ar...
Janssen et al., 2019: https://commons.nmu.edu/isbs/vol37/is...
Janssen et al., 2018: https://commons.nmu.edu/isbs/vol36/is...
Brisbine et al., 2019: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/1...
Rylands & Roberts, 2017: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/1...
Gianikellis et al., 2011: https://ojs.ub.uni-konstanz.de/cpa/ar...
Vicon present a practical demonstration of 3D motion capture, discussing the methodology along with a discussion of motion capture beyond the gait lab. This live demonstration includes live and post-processing, as well as real time biofeedback.
Vicon Info:
Main Website: www.vicon.com
Life Science Applications: https://www.vicon.com/applications/li...
Nexus Software: https://www.vicon.com/software/nexus/
Case Studies: https://www.vicon.com/resources/case-...
Models and Scripts: https://www.vicon.com/software/models...
Support contact: support@vicon.com
Vicon Documentation: docs.vicon.com
Vicon Youtube: https://www.youtube.com/user/Vicon100...
JB Morin discusses force assessment during sprinting. He takes us through an entertaining journey from historical measurement techniques through to the current day, and discusses the balance between lab and field-based testing and application.
Cross et al., 2017: https://www.researchgate.net/publicat...
Martin et al., 2018: https://www.researchgate.net/publicat...
Morin et al., 2011: https://journals.lww.com/acsm-msse/Fu...
Samozino et al., 2015: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/a...
Rabita et al., 2015: https://www.researchgate.net/publicat...
Morin et al., 2010: https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net...
Morin et al., 2019: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/...
Gareth Irwin discusses topics including motor control and gymnastics, the coaching biomechanics interface, principles of training, and the evolution of skill and skill selection.
Functional Phases and Angular Momentum Characteristics of Tkatchev and Kovacs: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27160...
Inter-segmental Coordination in Progressions for the Longswing on High Bar: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17892...
Biomechanical Similarities of Progressions for the Longswing on High Bar: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16138...
Musculoskeletal Demands of Progressions for the Longswing on High Bar: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17933...
Musculoskeletal Work Preceding the Outward and Inward Tkachev on Uneven Bars in Artistic Gymnastics: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20446...
The Conceptual Process of Skill Progression Development in Artistic Gymnastics: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16194...
Influence of Longswing Technique on the Kinematics and Key Release Parameters of the Straddle Tkachev on Uneven Bars: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21936...
Multidimensional Joint Coupling: A Case Study Visualisation Approach to Movement Coordination and Variability: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29912...
The Influence of the Vaulting Table on the Handspring Front Somersault: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19705...
Whole-body and Multi-Joint Kinematic Control Strategy Variability During Backward Rotating Dismounts From Beam: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21756...
Kinematic Changes During Learning the Longswing on High Bar: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22518...
Changes in Joint Kinetics During Learning the Longswing on High Bar: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24860...
Coordination as a Function of Skill Level in the Gymnastics Longswing: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26087...
Delsys present an overview of electromyography techniques and application within sports biomechanics. Topics include: foundation of neural control; challenges and recommendations; demonstration; analysis of EMG; and exploring motor unit control.
De Luca CJ. The Use of Surface Electromyography in Biomechanics. Journal of Applied Biomechanics, 1997. https://www.delucafoundation.org/down...
De Luca CJ, Gilmore LD, Kuznetsov M, and Roy SH. Filtering the Surface EMG signal: Movement artifact and baseline noise contamination. Journal of Biomechanics, 2010. https://www.delucafoundation.org/down...
De Luca CJ, Kuznetsov M, Gilmore LD, and Roy SH. Inter-electrode spacing of surface EMG sensors: Reduction of crosstalk contamination during voluntary contractions. Journal of Biomechanics, 2011. https://www.delucafoundation.org/down...
De Luca CJ, Chang SS, Roy SH, Kline JC, Nawab SH. Decomposition of Surface EMG Signals from Cyclic Dynamic Contractions. Journal of Neurophysiology, 2015. https://www.delucafoundation.org/down...
De Luca CJ and Contessa P. Hierarchical control of motor units in voluntary contraction. Journal of Neurophysiology, 2012 https://www.delucafoundation.org/down...
Kristin Sainani presents a 'nuts and bolts' lecture, explaining fundamental concepts in statistics. This includes standard error, confidence intervals, p-values, hypothesis testing, and minimal effects testing.
Sports Biomechanics editorial: Recommendations for statistical analysis involving null hypothesis significance testing: https://doi.org/10.1080/14763141.2020...
Kristin's second lecture on 'Tips for Scientific Writing': https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PjhmD...
Kristin's stats column in PM&R: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/t...
Stats training Kristin offers through Stanford professional development: https://online.stanford.edu/programs/...
Dario Cazzola discusses his research estimating spinal loading in rugby activities, including experimental data and computer simulations.
Cervical Spine Injuries: A Whole-Body Musculoskeletal Model for the Analysis of Spinal Loading https://journals.plos.org/plosone/art...
Musculoskeletal modelling of the human cervical spine for the investigation of injury mechanisms during axial impacts: https://journals.plos.org/plosone/art...
Todd Pataky presents a comparison and discussion of discrete (e.g. maximum or minimum forces or angles) and continuous (e.g. statistical parametric mapping [SPM]) data analysis techniques in biomechanics.
spm1d main site: https://spm1d.org
Public forum for spm1d; general statistics questions welcome! https://github.com/0todd0000/spm1d/is...
Overview of continuous analysis: https://spm1d.org/doc/Theory/tests1d....
Overview of Random Field Theory: https://spm1d.org/rft1d/Theory.html
Power analysis for continuous data (Python only): https://spm1d.org/power1d/
Sam Allen presents his research using computer simulation to study the triple jump from a theoretical biomechanics perspective. The presentation includes a comparison of single and double arm techniques, a discussion of vertical and horizontal velocity trade-offs, and an optimisation of hop, step, and jump phase ratios.
Allen et al., 2010: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.20...
Allen et al., 2013: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.20...
Allen et al., 2016: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.20...
Wendy Holliday presents a lecture on the biomechanics of cycling, including: muscle patterns and kinematics of the cyclist; bicycle configuration; and practical tips for cycling-related studies.
Bini & Diefenthaeler, 2010: https://doi.org/10.1080/14763141.2010...
de Vey Mestdagh, 1998: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0003-6870(97...
Holliday et al., 2019: https://doi.org/10.1080/14763141.2019...
Neptune & Hull, 1996: https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9290(94)...
Raasch et al., 1997: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9290(96...
So et al., 2005: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ptsp.2005.0...
Swart & Holliday, 2019: https://doi.org/10.1249/JSR.000000000...
Umberger & Martin, 2001: https://doi.org/10.1123/jab.17.1.55
John Drazan presents some of his research and experience in engaging youth in STEM through biomechanics and sport science.
4th Family: http://4thfamily.org/
Court Science: https://courtscience.ca/
Tomorrow's Stars Foundation: https://tomorrowsstars.org/
ASB East Coast Meeting: https://sites.psu.edu/asb2020/
John's Google Scholar: https://scholar.google.com/citations?...
National Biomechanics Day: http://thebiomechanicsinitiative.org/
Tony Myers presents an overview of Bayesian statistics for sport and exercise science, including intuitive examples and demonstrations.
Some useful links from the lecture:
2016 ASA Statement: https://doi.org/10.1080/00031305.2016...
The American Statistician Editorial 2019: https://doi.org/10.1080/00031305.2019...
The American Statistician Special Issue: https://www.tandfonline.com/toc/utas2...
Some examples of studies using Bayesian analysis (with Tony as an author):
Myers et al., 2020 (Swimming): https://doi.org/10.1080/17461391.2020...
Dugdale et al., 2020 (Soccer): https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2020...
Cullen et al., 2019 (Sleep): https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2019...
Ellis et al., 2019 (Caffeine / Soccer): https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2018-0536
Kristin Sainani presents a series of tips and tricks for successful scientific writing.
Writing in the Sciences course on Coursera: https://www.coursera.org/learn/sciwrite
Medical Statistics certificate program on Stanford Online: https://online.stanford.edu/programs/...
Statistically Speaking column at PM&R: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/t...
Recent webinars:
Statistics in Sports Science: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LKiX5...
How to Be a Statistical Detective: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JG_gC...
Effective Data Visualization: https://learn.stanford.edu/webinar-ef...
Principles of Effective Statistics: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DWqj8...
Walter Herzog presents a lecture on the fundamentals of muscle mechanics. This includes: basic structure of muscles and sarcomeres; the sliding filament, cross-bridge and three filament model of muscle contraction; and how these relate to the force-length relationship, force-velocity relationship, and force-time properties of muscle (with sporting examples).
Herzog, 2018: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12551-017-03...
Herzog et al., 2016: https://doi.org/10.1152/physiol.00049...
